List of colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta

Colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period (and the subsequent style) succeeded the earlier period when Jakarta (known then as Jayakarta/Jacatra), governed by the Sultanate of Banten, were completely eradicated and replaced with a walled city of Batavia.^[1] The dominant styles of the colonial period can be divided into three periods: the Dutch Golden Age (17th to late 18th century), the transitional style period (late 18th century – 19th century), and Dutch modernism (20th century). Dutch colonial architecture in Jakarta is apparent in buildings such as houses or villas, churches, civic buildings, and offices, mostly concentrated in the administrative city of Central Jakarta and West Jakarta.
Below is a list of colonial buildings and structures found in Jakarta. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (local) name. The list can also be sorted to each category.
Buildings which undertook complete renovation which resulted in different form are listed separately to distinguish the different architectural form.
Some notable Chinese-style buildings and Islamic mosques that were built during these period are included in the list for comparison.

Contents 1 Dutch East India Company period – 17th to late 18th century 2 Colonialism – late 18th century to 1870 3 Post Cultuurstelsel abolition – 1870 to mid 20th century 4 Notes and references

Dutch East India Company period – 17th to late 18th century

The first type of colonial architecture grew from the early Dutch settlements in the 17th century, when settlements were generally within walled defences to protect them from attack by other European trade rivals and native revolt. Following the siege of Jayakarta (previously known as Sunda Kelapa) and its demolition by the Dutch in 1619, it was decided to build the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company on the site. Simon Stevin was commissioned to design a plan for the future settlement based on his concept of the 'ideal city'. His response was a rectangular, walled town, bisected by the river Ciliwung which was to be channeled into a straight canal (later known as also known as Grote Rivier or Kali Besar or "Big River" in this area). This new city is called Batavia (now Jakarta). In accordance to Stevin's model, the fortress of Batavia was the most prominent building in the city, symbolizing the center of power, while townhall, markets, and other public buildings were distributed. This layout of Jakarta can still be clearly recognized today in Jakarta Old Town through the layout of the streets and canals, although most of the original 17th structures had been destroyed or replaced with newer early 20th century structures.^[2]
The architecture style of this period were the tropical counterparts of 17th century Dutch architecture. Typical features include the typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters,^[2] gable roofs,^[2] and white-coral painted wall (as opposed to exposed brick architecture in the Netherlands). This earlier period of Jakarta had many of the buildings solidly built with relatively enclosed structures, a structure that is not very friendly to tropical climate as compared to the architecture of the next period in Jakarta.^[2] Best example of these buildings were located along the Tygersgracht (now Jalan Muka Timur), all had been demolished.^[2] Best surviving example is Toko Merah.
Several Portuguese colonial architecture also exist, usually outside the walled city of Batavia. Tugu Church and Sion Church, with its plain facade and domed windows, are some surviving examples.
In 1808, Daendels officially moved the city center to south because of the deteriorating condition of the inner town as well as the malaria outbreak. As a result, many buildings and structures from this period were left to deteriorated. Because of financial issues, many buildings were demolished in 19th century and the debris were used to construct newer structure in the south (such as the Palace of Governor-General Daendels (now the Financial Department of Indonesia) from the debris of Batavia Castle, and Batavia Theater (now Gedung Kesenian Jakarta) from the debris of the Spinhuis.
Later, these empty lots in Jakarta Old Town were filled with newer 20th century structures. Surviving 17th–18th structures were later converted as Jakarta's cultural heritage, e.g. Toko Merah, Gereja Sion and Jakarta History Museum.
Other dominant architecture style from these period were the Chinese merchant houses, many were built during the 18th century. Many of these structures show eclectic mix of Dutch and Chinese influences.^[2]

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
18th century Dutch mansion at Kali Besar Barat	18th century Dutch mansion at Kali Besar Barat	18th century		6°08′11″S 106°48′41″E
Baijen’s Country House and the Outer Hospital (demolished, replaced by Citadel Prins Frederik)	Baijen’s Country House and the Outer Hospital[3]	before 1669, later a hospital, from 1743 until 1820.[3]		6°10′13″S 106°49′51″E
Bastion Amsterdam (demolished)	Amsterdam	1632-1635[4]	anonymous	6°07′46″S 106°48′54″E	—
Bastion Buren (demolished)	Buren	before 1650[5]	anonymous	6°07′41″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Cuylenburg (demolished, on its site stands Menara Syahbandar)	Bastion Cuylenburg, Bastion Cullenburch,[6]	before 1650[5][7]	anonymous	6°07′39″S 106°48′33″E
Bastion Diest and gate(demolished)	Diest, Diestpoort	1632-1635[4]	anonymous	6°08′12″S 106°48′42″E
Bastion Enkhuizen(demolished)	Enkhuizen	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′05″S 106°48′59″E	—
Bastion Friesland (demolished)	Friesland	1632-1635[5]	anonymous	6°07′55″S 106°48′22″E	—
Bastion Gelderland (demolished)	Punt Gelderland	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′15″S 106°49′00″E	—
Bastion Grimbergen (demolished)	Grimbergen	1635-1650[4]	anonymous		—
Bastion Groningen (demolished)	Groningen	1632-1635 (replacing the older Buren fortification)[4]	anonymous	6°07′37″S 106°48′17″E	—
Bastion Hollandia (demolished)	Hollandia	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′19″S 106°48′46″E	—
Bastion Middelburg (demolished)	Middelburg	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°07′51″S 106°48′55″E	—
Bastion Nassau (demolished)	Nassau	1632-1635[4]	anonymous		—
Bastion Oranje (demolished)	Oranje	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′15″S 106°48′52″E	—
Bastion Overrijsel (demolished)	Overrijsel	1632-1635[4]	anonymous	6°07′47″S 106°48′20″E	—
Bastion Rotterdam (demolished)	Rotterdam	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°07′58″S 106°48′57″E	—
Bastion Utrecht and portal(demolished)	Utrecht Poort	1635-1650[4]	anonymous	6°08′07″S 106°48′25″E	—
Bastion Vierkant (demolished)	Vierkant	1627-1632[nb 1]	anonymous	6°07′36″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Zeeburch (demolished)	Zeeburch poort	1632-1635[4]	anonymous	6°07′34″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Zeeland (demolished)	Zeeland poort	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′16″S 106°48′28″E	—
Batavia City Hall (1st) and church (demolished between 1622 and 1627.)	Kerk en Stadhuis	1619-1622[4]	anonymous	6°07′57″S 106°48′42″E	—
Batavia City Hall (2nd) (replaced with Batavia City Hall (3rd))	Batavia Stadhuis	1627		6°08′07″S 106°48′48″E	—
Binnen Hospital, "Inner Hospital" (demolished)	Binnen Hospital[3]	1635-1650[4]		6°08′14″S 106°48′46″E	—
De Middelpunt, "the middle point"	De Middelpunt	1650-1667[4]	anonymous	6°08′03″S 106°48′40″E[4]
De Portugese Stadskerk (burned down in 1808)[8]	De Portugese Stadskerk,	1650-1667[4]	—	6°08′02″S 106°48′37″E[4]
Fort Ancol (demolished)	Fort Ancol, Fort Ansjol[6]		anonymous	6°07′36″S 106°50′43″E	—
Fort Angke(demolished)	Fort Angke	1657[9]	anonymous		—
Fort Batavia (dismantled in 1890–1910)	Kasteel Batavia	1619 (project started)[4]	anonymous	6°07′40″S 106°48′41″E
Fort Jacatra (Nassau and Mauritius) (dismantled between 1627–1632)[4]	Fort Jacatra	before 1619[4]		6°07′43″S 106°48′36″E	—
Fort Jacarta Buiten Batavia (demolished)	Fort Jacarta Buiten Batavia		anonymous	6°08′43″S 106°49′50″E	—
Fort Noordwijk (demolished in 1808)	Fort Noordwijk[6]	1658	anonymous	6°10′04″S 106°49′51″E	—
Fort Zevenhoek (demolished)	Fort Zevenhoek	1657[9]	anonymous		—
Fort Rijswijk (abandoned in 1697, demolished in 1729)[10]	Fort Rijswijk[6]	August 1656[10]	anonymous	6°10′03″S 106°49′08″E	—
Fort Zouteland (demolished)	Fort Zouteland	1656[11]	anonymous	Ancol	—
Galangan VOC Restaurant and Ta San Yen	Carpenter's shop of the Dutch East Indies	1627-1632[4] or before 1650[5] or 1727[12]	anonymous	6°07′42″S 106°48′32″E
Gedung Candranaya (1957)[13]	Landhuis Kroet / Landhuis Van Majoor der Chinezen Khouw Kim An or "residence of Chinese Mayor Khouw Kim An"[14]	18th century[14]	Khouw Tjoen (first resident)[14]	6°08′50″S 106°48′55″E
Gerbang Amsterdam or "Amsterdam Gate" (demolished in 1950s)	Amsterdamsepoort, Pinangpoort, Kasteelpoort	1622-1627[4]	anonymous	6°07′51″S 106°48′43″E
Gereja Sion	De Portugese Buitenkerk	1695	E. Ewout Verhagen	6°08′17″S 106°49′05″E
Gereja Tugu	Portuguese Church	1676–1678, rebuilt in 1737–1738	Melchior Leidecker, later rebuilt by Julius Vinck[15]	6°07′26″S 106°55′27″E
Government House or a 'Playhouse' (demolished)	Huis van de Generaal/Speelhuis	1632-1650[4][5]		6°08′31″S 106°48′55″E	—
Great Palace of Weltevreden (demolished in 1820, now Rumah Sakit Pusat AD Gatot Subroto or Army Main Hospital)[16][17]	Great Palace of Weltevreden / Landhuis Weltevreden[17]	1761[16]	for Jacob Mossel[16][nb 2]	6°10′36″S 106°50′12″E	—
Jembatan Gantung Kota Intan	Engelse Brug[19] / Het Middelpuntbrug[20] / Grote Boom or "Large Tree Bridge"[20] / Djembatan Hoenderpasser Kali Besar or Hoenderpasserbrug or "Chicken Market Bridge" (1900s)[19][20][21] / Ophaalbrug Juliana (1938)[20]	1655 (after the demolition of earlier English Bridge, located 100 meter to the south),[4][19] 1937 (renovated)[20]		6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E
Mesjid Luar Batang, Luar Batang Mosque	Mesjid Luar Batang	1739 (established)[22]	Sayid Husein bin Abubakar Alaydrus (founder)[22]	6°07′26″S 106°48′24″E
Mohr Observatory (demolished in 1812)	Mohr Observatory	1765	Johan Maurits Mohr	6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E
Museum Bahari	Warehouse	1652–1771		6°07′36″S 106°48′30″E
Museum Sejarah Jakarta	Batavia City Hall (3rd)	1710	W.J. van der Velde	6°08′07″S 106°48′48″E
Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk, "New Church of Holland" (destroyed by earthquake in 1808, Wayang Museum is now on its site)	Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk, Groote Hollandse Kerk	1736		6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Nieuwe Poort, "New Gate" (demolished)	Nieuwe Poort	1627-1632[4]	anonymous	6°08′18″S 106°48′50″E
Old Gelderland defence works (demolished after 1667)[4]	Oud Gelderland	1622-1627[4]		6°08′06″S 106°48′56″E	—
Oude Hollandse Kerk, "Old Holland Church" (demolished in 1732, bottom part still viewable)[nb 3]	Oude Hollandse Kerk / Kruiskerk, "Cross Church"	1640		6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Oude Utrechtse Poort, "Old Utrecht Gate" (demolished)	Oude Utrechtse Poort[nb 4]	1632-1650[4]	anonymous	6°08′10″S 106°48′26″E	—
Pasar Ikan, "Fish Market"	Vismarkt		anonymous
Playhouse of Adriaan van Hafte	Playhouse of Adriaan van Hafte	18th century		Tanjung Priok	—
Raja Kuring Restaurant	Carpenter's shop of the Chinese	1632-1635[4]		6°07′48″S 106°48′35″E[5]
Sinees Sieken Huys, Chinese hospital and home for the aged (demolished)	Sinees Sieken Huys	1646		6°08′05″S 106°48′27″E[5]	—
Spinhuis, "spinning-house for single women" (demolished)	Spinhuis, Spinhuys	1635-1650[4]		6°08′04″S 106°48′27″E	—
The Latin and Greek School (demolished)[2]	The Latin and Greek School	1622-1627[4]	anonymous	6°07′55″S 106°48′48″E[4]	—
Toko Merah, "Red Shop"	see Toko Merah	1730[nb 5]	for Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff	6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E
Vihara Dharma Bhakti	Jin De Yuan Klenteng	1650, 1755 (restored)		6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E
Vismarkt, "Fish Market" (earlier structure) (demolished)	Vismarkt, Vischmarkt	1632-1635[4]	anonymous	6°07′50″S 106°48′36″E
Waterkasteel (demolished)	Waterkasteel / "Hornwerk"[24]	1741, 1750[25]	anonymous	6°06′58″S 106°48′24″E	—

Colonialism – late 18th century to 1870

After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800 the Batavian Republic expanded all the VOC's territorial claims into a fully fledged colony named the Dutch East Indies. From the company's regional headquarters Batavia now evolved into the capital of the colony. In 1808 Daendels moved the old town center to higher ground to the south and urbanized the area known as Weltevreden. During the British interregnum Daendels was replaced by Raffles who governed until 1816.

Map of Batavia in 1840. Multiple villas started to appear to the south of the old Batavia.

As the Dutch become more securely established in the region, towns grew up beyond the walls of the fort.^[2] Batavia, together with Semarang and Ujung Pandang, were the most important urban centers.^[2] During this time, Batavia became congested and wealthier merchants and other powerful men began to build their residences on the outskirts of town and in the surrounding countryside.^[2]
The period shows a gradual adaptation to the tropical climate form on the part of the Dutch colonial architecture. These new form of architecture is called the Indies. Typical style during this period include large roof overhang, high roof and ceiling, and front and rear verandahs that opened on to gardens. Indies style can be described as a mix of Indonesian, Chinese, and European influence. Very often the local Javanese style limasan roof was employed, but with addition of 19th century European architectural elements such as Tuscan columns, doors, windows, and a flight of three to four steps leading up to a verandah running the full width of the house.^[2]
Neoclassicism was a popular style for buildings in Jakarta during this period, which is considered to be the best representation of the greatness of the empire.^[26]

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
	Aley Cramerus Residence		unknown		—
	C. Schultze Residence		unknown		—
	H. Vaupel Residence				—
	J.J. Kunst Residence		unknown		—
	M.C. Westerman Residence		unknown		—
	W.C. van Benthem Jutting Residence		unknown	Kebon Sirih, Weltevreden	—
Arsip Nasional	Reiner de Klerk house[2]	1760	Reiner de Klerk	6°09′14″S 106°49′01″E
All Saints Anglican Church	Engelsekerk
Asrama Polisi Sektor Pal Merah	Landhuis Kebayoran Lama / Gedung Tinggi or "tall building"[nb 6] / Rumah Grogol or "Grogol house" / Residence of Andreas Hartink	18th century[27][28]	W.J. Van de Velde[27]	Jl. Pal Merah Barat, Kel. Pal Merah, Kec. Palmerah, Jakarta Barat
Balai Kota or City Hall	Burgemeesterswoning / Jakarta Tokubetsusi (1942–1945)	19th century[29]	unknown
Biara Santa Ursula, Kapel, dan Sekolah Santa Ursula; "St Ursula cloister, chapel, and school"	Ursulinen Klooster, "Kleine Klooster" [30]	1859 (cloister), 1888 (chapel), 1912 (school)	unknown	6°10′07″S 106°50′03″E
BP7	Volksraad or Council of the Indies Building or Raad van Indië (1918) / Dokuritsu Zyunbi Tyoosakai or Badan Penyidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan[26]	1830	J. Tromp[26]	6°10′31″S 106°49′59″E
Church of Saint Mary Ascend to Heaven (1st form) (renovated in 1859)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe ten Hemelopneming (original)	November 6, 1829 (inauguration)	Monseigneur Prinsen (inaugurated)	6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Church of Saint Mary Ascend to Heaven (2nd form) (collapsed in 1890)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe ten Hemelopneming (original)	1859 (renovation of the earlier form)		6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Citadel Prins Frederik (demolished, on its site stands the Istiqlal Mosque)	Citadel Prins Frederik[3]	1831[3]		6°10′13″S 106°49′51″E
De Club Burger Societeit (demolished)	Residence ((1815, 1819) / Hotel Marine (1833)[31]	1815		6°10′03″S 106°49′13″E
Departemen Keuangan	Palace of Governor-General Daendels / Het Groote Huis / Het Witte Huis[nb 7]	March 7, 1809[32]	J.C. Schultze, completed by J. Tromp (1828)[32]	6°10′09″S 106°50′14″E
Dewan Kerajinan Nasional (February 24, 1992)[33]	Residence / Office of Hamengkubuwono IX (1945)[33]	1860–1870[33]	unknown	Jl. Prapatan No. 42 Kel. Senen, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10410[33]
Freemasonry buildings in Weltevreden	Vrijmetselarij in Weltevreden		unknown
Gedung Kesenian Jakarta	Stadtsschouwburg / Bataviasch Schouwburg / "Gedung Komidi" / Sin'tsu Cekizyoo[34]	1821[nb 8]	J.C. Schultze	6°10′00″S 106°50′04″E
Gedung Pancasila, Pancasila Building[35] / Gedung Departemen Luar Negeri or Building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs[36]	Residence of Hertog Bernhard (original)[35] / residence of Dutch Royal Army Commander / Volksraad or Council of the Indies Building or Raad van Indië (1918) / Dokuritsu Zyunbi Tyoosakai or Badan Penyidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan[36]	1830[36]	J. Tromp[36]	6°10′28″S 106°50′01″E
Gereja Immanuel, "Emmanuel Church"	Willemskerk or "Williams Church"	1835–1839	J.H. Horst	6°10′36″S 106°49′55″E
Grand Hôtel Java (Demolished in the 1950s and replaced with Markas besar TNI Angkatan Darat (headquarters of the National Indonesian Army Land Forces))[37]	Private residence (original)[37] / Grand Hôtel Java (1834)	early 19th century		6°10′06″S 106°49′42″E
Hotel der Nederlanden (demolished and replaced with Bina Graha Presidential Office in 1969)[38][39]	Pieter Tenzy residence (original)[38] / W.H. van Eijsseldijk residence[38] / Thomas Stamford Raffles residence (1811)[38] / Hotel Palace Royale (1840)[38] / Hotel der Nederlanden (1846)[38] / Hotel Dharma Nirmala (1950s)[39] / Markas Cakrabirawa (1950s)[39]	1794[39]		6°10′05″S 106°49′30″E
Hotel des Indes 1st form (renovated in 1930)[40]	a residential / Hotel Chaulan (1828)[nb 9] / Hotel de Provence (1835) / Hotel Rotterdamsch (1854) / Hotel des Indes (1 May 1856)	1930		6°09′56″S 106°49′11″E
Hotel Sriwijaya (1950)[41]	Hotel Cavadino (1863) / Hotel Lion d’Or (1899) / Park Hotel (1941)[41]	1863	for Conrad Alexander Willem Cavadino	6°10′08″S 106°49′47″E
Hotel Wisse (1890, replaced with Hotel des Galeries in 1920)	Residence of GG Petrus Albertus van der Parra / Hotel Ernst (1860)[42]	around 1750	for GG Petrus Albertus van der Parra	6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E
Istana Merdeka	Governor General's Palace or Paleis van de Gouverneur-Generaal, "Gambir Palace"	1873	Drossares	6°10′13″S 106°49′27″E
Istana Negara (1949)	Residence of Jacob Andries van Braam (original); Schonburg Building; Paleis Z. E. Gouverneur Generaal te Rijswijk	1796–1804, 1848 (renovated after an earthquake)[43]		6°10′05″S 106°49′26″E
Jean Belle Residence (demolished, replaced with Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te Weltevreden in 1910)[44]	Jean Belle Residence[44]		unknown
J.P. Coen Statue (demolished in March 7, 1943 during Japanese occupation)[45]	J.P. Coen Statue	1869[45]		6°10′10″S 106°50′13″E
Kimia Farma (1958)	Volksapotheek te Rijswijk[46]	1857; 1913 (renovated)	unknown; Eduard Cuypers (renovation)	6°10′05″S 106°49′36″E
Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning in Noordwijk (Demolished in 1950s, now Grand Brilliant Palace Restaurant)	Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning in Noordwijk[47]			6°10′02″S 106°49′39″E
Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp in Noordwijk (demolished, replaced with Kantor Departemen Keuangan RI bagian KPPN (Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara)	Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp in Noordwijk[47]			6°10′01″S 106°49′37″E
Mahkamah Agung or "Indonesia Supreme Court Building"	Hoogerechshaf	1828	J.C. Schultze, completed by J. Tromp (1828)[32][48]	6°10′06″S 106°50′12″E
Menara Syahbandar	De Uitkijk	1839[49]		6°07′39″S 106°48′33″E
Mercu Suar Sunda Kelapa or "Sunda Kelapa lighthouse"[50]	Vuurtoren Batavia	1862	unknown	6°06′18″S 106°48′19″E
Mesjid Jami Kebon Jeruk or "Kebon Jeruk Mosque"		1786[51]	for Tuan Tschoa (Kapten Tamien Dosol Seeng)[51]	6°09′20″S 106°49′07″E
Military Society Concordia (demolished in 1960s, now occupied by Gedung A.A. Maramis II Departemen Keuangan)	Military Society Concordia / Kantor Pusar DPR[52]	21 September 1833 (inauguration); 1836, 1874, 1990 (building extension)		6°10′13″S 106°50′16″E
Museum Nasional, "Museum Gajah"	Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Watenschappen, "The Batavian Society of Arts and Science Building"[53]	1862		6°10′35″S 106°49′20″E
Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik	Palais van Justitie ("Justice Palace")	1870		6°08′04″S 106°48′51″E
Museum Sumpah Pemuda	Customs inspection office / Hotel Hersia (until 1951) / Residence (1937–1951) / Sie Kok Liong's Dormitory for students from outside Java (before 1928)[54]	before 1925	unknown
Museum Tekstil (1978)	Residence; Headquarter of Barisan Keamanan Rakyat ("Front of People Safety"); Institution for aged people (1947)	19th century	unknown	6°11′17″S 106°48′35″E
Oger Frères[55] (demolished, replaced with Singer Building in the 1930s)	Oger Frères	1823 (store opened)	unknown	6°10′05″S 106°49′15″E
Oude Katholieke Kerk, "Old Catholic Church" (demolished in 1830)		before 1821	anonymous	Weltevreden
Passer Baroe, Pasar Baru	Passer Baroe	1821[56]	—	6°09′55″S 106°50′05″E
Photographisch Atelier Walter Woodbury (demolished, replaced by Gedung Bina Graha)	Residence of Van Dorp (original) / Photographisch Atelier Walter Woodbury (1861–1908)[57]	before 1861	unknown	6°10′04″S 106°49′31″E
Post- en Telegraafkantoor te Weltevreden	Post- en Telegraafkantoor te Weltevreden	before 1880	unknown	Postweg (now Jalan Pos)
Postkantoor Weltevreden (demolished and replaced with a new building in 1913)	Postkantoor Weltevreden	1853	unknown
Rumah Sakit Cikini or "Cikini hospital"	Raden Saleh Residence (original); Hospital and a Nurse Academy (1898)[58]	1852	Raden Saleh	6°11′28″S 106°50′28″E
SKAHA Office building	Office	19th century?	unknown	6°08′12″S 106°48′44″E
SMK Santa Maria	Groote Klooster[30] / Mater Dei (1920)[59]	1856[59]
Societeit Harmonie or "Harmony Society" (demolished for road widening and parking area in 1985)[60]	Societeit Harmonie	18 January 1815[nb 10]	J.C. Schultze	6°10′05″S 106°49′16″E
Topografische Dienst te Weltevreden	Topografische Dienst te Weltevreden		unknown
Wooden former office building at Kali Besar Timur (abandoned)	Various offices	19th century?	unknown	6°08′06″S 106°48′43″E

Post Cultuurstelsel abolition – 1870 to mid 20th century

Map of Batavia in 1897

The abolition of the Cultuurstelsel in 1870 made way for the rapid development of private enterprises in the Dutch Indies. Numerous trading companies and financial institutions established themselves in Java, most of them settled in Batavia. Jakarta Old Town's deteriorating structures were replaced with offices, typically along the Kali Besar. These private companies owned or managed plantations, oil fields, and mines. Railway stations were designed during this period, with characteristic style of this period.^[2]
Architecturally, neoclassicism fell out of favor to be replaced by Neogothic and Dutch Rationalism. Apparent architectural style were Nieuwe Kunst (e.g. Bank Tabungan Negara), Art Deco or De Stijl, and Amsterdam School. This architecture styles were also the tropical counterpart of the original style, resulting in a style called the Indies.
Two dominant architectural bureaus during this period were AIA Bureau (Frans Ghijsels) and AA Fermont and Cuypers Bureau (Eduard Cuypers).^[2]
Colonnades are required during this period to provide protection against monsoon rains and tropical sun, which in turn transformed the appearance of buildings in the city centers.^[2]
Colonial style in Jakarta lingered some years after the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in 1942, and further after the independence of Indonesia in 1945.

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
	Bioscoop Manggarai or "Manggarai Cinema"
	Binnacle (Schakelhuis)
	Chinese Christian Church
	Office			6°10′02″S 106°49′54″E
	Frans Consulaat Koningsplein
	Electrification of the State Railway Company at Meester Cornelis (Electrificatie van de Staatsspoor- en Tramwegen (SS en T) bij het spoorwegstation te Meester Cornelis)
	Kantoor van de Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij te Weltevreden
	Laboratory for Pasar Ikan Marine Research
	Mayestik Bioscoop
	Modernist villas of Westerpark	1920-1930s
	Oranje Beer Brewery
	Van Arcken and Co. Shop
Artesian well at Batoe Toelis (demolished)	Artesian well at Batoe Toelis
Artesian well at Koningsplein (demolished)	Artesian well at Koningsplein			6°10′18″S 106°49′32″E[61]
Artesian well at Meester Cornelis (demolished)	Artesian well at Meester Cornelis	1881		Meester Cornelis
Artesian well at Postweg (demolished)	Artesian well at Postweg
Artesian well at Salemba (Demolished)	Artesian well at Salemba			6°11′37″S 106°51′00″E[61]
Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (deteriorated and gradually demolished)		1912[62]		6°08′03″S 106°48′46″E
Asuransi Jiwasraya (1957, front facade demolished for road widening)[63]	Nillmij (Nederlandsch-Indische Levensverzekerings en Lijfrente Maatschappij)	1909–1910 [64]	P.A.J.Moojen dan S. Snuyft[64]	6°10′01″S 106°49′24″E
Asuransi Wahana Tata, Wahana Tata Insurance	Office	19th century[65]	unknown	6°08′06″S 106°48′40″E
Athena Diskotik	Het Nieuws van den Dag	1925–1927	Ir. W. Selle	6°08′07″S 106°48′40″E
Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN)	Gebouw van Burgerlijke Openbare Werken[66]			6°09′50″S 106°49′11″E
Bank Indonesia	De Javasche Bank	1909	Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit	6°08′14″S 106°48′46″E
Bank Mandiri	Kantoor van de Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij / Bank Dagang Negara / Bank Mandiri	1920	Eduard Cuypers	6°08′11″S 106°48′46″E
Bank Mandiri - Jakarta-Kota branch	Bank Export Import / Bank Bumi Daya (1960)	1920s	Ir. J.F.L. Blankenberg dan Wolff Schoemaker,[67] Ir. Fermont – Eduard Cuypers [68]	6°08′13″S 106°48′49″E
Bank Mandiri	Standard Chartered Bank Office of India, Australia, and China / Bank Umum Negara (1965)[69] / Bank Bumi Daya (1968)[69]	February 27, 1921[69]	Eduard Cuypers	6°08′12″S 106°48′41″E
Bank Sinarmas	NV. Handelsvereniging / NV. Reiss & Co[70]	19th century?[71]		6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E
Bank Tabungan Negara Office (1968)[72]	Kantoor van de Postspaarbank (1920)[72] / Tyokin Kyoku (1942)[72] / Bank Tabungan Pos (1945)[73]	1920, 1936 (renovated to current form)[72]	RLA Schoenmaker (1920), J. van Gendt (1936)[72]	6°10′02″S 106°49′13″E
Banteng Building - Kantor Advokat dan Pengacara	Office	19th century[74]	?	6°08′10″S 106°48′41″E
Bappenas or "Board of National Planning and Development"	Freemason Lodge[75]	1925[75]	Frans Ghijsels	6°12′02″S 106°49′57″E
Bengkel Praktek Kerja Pendidikan Teknik (1974)[76]	Nederlandsch Indie Gas Maatschappij	1924		Jl. Budi Utomo No. 3 Kel. Pasar Baru Kec. Sawah Besar Jakarta 10710
Bhanda Graha Reksa	Offices[nb 11]	19th century[78]		6°08′10″S 106°48′44″E
Bioscoop Menteng (demolished in 1988, on its site stands Menteng Plaza)[79]	Bioscoop Menteng	1949[79]	Johanens Martinus Han Groenewegen (Selle, De Bruyn, Reyerse & de Vries)[79]	6°11′00″S 106°50′03″E
Bistro Boulevard Restaurant	Bataviasche Kunstkring (original); Immigration office of Central Jakarta; Buddha Bar	1913		6°11′20″S 106°50′01″E
Building at Jl. Kunir no. 2[80]	Geo. Wehry & Co Office building	1927[81]	Frans Ghijsels[81]	6°07′57″S 106°48′53″E
Cafe Batavia	Residence / Warehouse / Office / Coffeeshop / Gallery	between 1805–1850[82]		6°08′04″S 106°48′46″E
Canisius College	Canisius College HBS	1929	a group of Jesuit pastors (established)	6°11′09″S 106°50′03″E
Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Department of Energy and Mineral Resources	Batavia Police Headquarter[71]	1925 (approximate)[71]		6°10′53″S 106°49′25″E
Département Keuangan	Ika-Daigaku Dormitory[83]	1942[83]		Jl. Prapatan No. 10, Kel. Senen, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10410
Departemen Pertahanan dan Keamanan, Department of Defense and Security (1964)[84]	Rechts Hoge School[84]	1924[84]	J.F. van Hoytema[84]	6°10′38″S 106°49′19″E
Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut, National Committee on Sea Transportation Safety, Ministry of Transportation. Research and Development, Human Development of Transportation Ministry	Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (original) / Japanese Marine Department (1942)	1916–1918[85]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau)[85]
Djakarta Lloyd Office (abandoned)[86]	Asurantie Kantoor van Ongevallen verzekering mij FATUM en Onderlinge elvensverzekering van EIGEN HULP / Honda (2004)[87]	1890		6°08′03″S 106°48′45″E
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, "Medical Faculty of the University of Indonesia"	de Geneeskundige Hoogeschool, "Medical College"[88]	1919-1926[88]		6°11′42″S 106°50′56″E
Filateli Jakarta	Main Post and Telegraph Office	1913[89]	J van Hoytema[89]	6°10′02″S 106°50′02″E
Former office of Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (NIHB)	First office of Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (NIHB)			6°07′59″S 106°48′38″E
Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug (Demolished for road widening)	Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug	1888		6°10′04″S 106°49′53″E		120px
Gereja Katedral Jakarta (final form)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe ten Hemelopneming (original)	1901	Antonius Dijkmans, MJ Hulswit	6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Gereja Koinonia	GPIB Bethel Jemaat Djatinegara (1961) / Bethelkerk (original)[90]	March 28, 1889[90]		6°12′50″S 106°51′43″E
Gereja Pniel (1953)	"Gereja Ayam" ("Chicken Church") / Haantjes Kerk[91]	1913-1915 (replacing earlier church built in 1850)	N.A. Hulswit (Cuypers en Hulswit)	6°09′39″S 106°50′03″E
Gereja St Paulus, St. Paul Church (October 31, 1948)	Nassaukerk / Gereja Menteng (1942-October 31, 1948)[92]	1936[92]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau)[92]	6°12′02″S 106°49′53″E
Gereja St Yoseph Matraman	St. Joseph Church Matraman	1906 – June 22, 1909[93] or 1924 [94]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau);[94] Ir Erawan Kartawidjaja (renovation in 2001)	6°12′30″S 106°51′35″E
Gereja St Theresia, St Theresia Church	Theresiakerk	1934[95]	Fermont-Cuypers Burean, Arsitek Th. van Oyen[95]	6°11′20″S 106°49′32″E
Gunung Sahari Lock Bridge (demolished)	Gunung Sahari Lock Bridge
Hotel Duta Indonesia (demolished in 1972, replaced with Duta Merlin Plaza)[40]	Hotel des Indes	1930	Burhoven Jaspers[40]	6°09′56″S 106°49′11″E
Hotel Melati	Hotel des Galeries	1914		6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E
Jasa Raharja	Zee en Brand Verzekerings Maatschapij Sluyters & Co / Lloyd Insurance (1950)[96]			6°08′08″S 106°48′44″E
Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Jakarta Tambora or "Tambora Tax Office"	HSBC[70]	19th century[97]		6°08′08″S 106°48′40″E
Kantor Pos Cikini, "Cikini Post Office"	Tjikini post kantoor	Before 1920s		6°11′14″S 106°50′12″E
Kantor Pos Kota, "Kota Post Office"	Post- en telegraaf kantoor aan het Stadhuisplein			6°08′02″S 106°48′48″E
Kerta Niaga (1966)[98]	Geo Wehry Office?[99]	before 1910?[99]		6°08′09″S 106°48′44″E
Koninklijke Bataviasche Jacht Club (demolished)	Koninklijke Bataviasche Jacht Club			6°05′55″S 106°53′53″E
Landsdrukkerij, "City Press Factory"	Landsdrukkerij			Weltevreden
Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology[100]	Eijkman Instituut	1914 (built), 1916 (inauguration)[101]	H von Essen[101]	6°11′53″S 106°50′47″E
Lembaga Pendidikan Jurnalistik Antara	LKBN Antara (1961) / Apotheek Van Gorkom / AIgemeen Niews en Telegraaf Aneta / Algemeen Niews en Telegraaf Agentschaap (original)[102]			6°09′57″S 106°50′02″E
Mesjid Angke or "Angke Mosque"	Angke Mosque			Jakarta Utara
Mesjid Cut Mutiah (1987)	N.V. de Bouwploeg (original) / post office, Train Company (1942–1945) / office of Home and Religion (1964–1970).	1922	Pieter Adriaan Jacobus Moojen	6°11′14″S 106°50′00″E
Metropole	Bioscoop Metropol / Megaria	1932	Liauw Goan Sing	6°12′00″S 106°50′37″E
Michiels Monument (demolished between 1942–1945)[103]	Michiels Monument	mid 19th century		6°10′16″S 106°50′00″E
Monument voor de Slag bij Waterloo (demolished)	Monument voor de Slag bij Waterloo
Monument for J.B. van Heutsz (demolished in 1960)	Monument for J.B. van Heutsz	1927-1932[104]		6°11′13″S 106°50′03″E
Museum Joang '45 (1975)[103]	Hotel Schomper[103] / Ganseikanbu Sendenbu (1942–1945)	1920s[103]		6°11′10″S 106°50′12″E
Museum Kebangkitan Nasional, "Museum of the History of National Awakening"	STOVIA[88]	1899-1902[88]		6°10′43″S 106°50′17″E
Museum Mandiri	Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij Office Building; or Factorij der Batavia / Bank Koperasi Tani dan Nelayan (1960) / Bank Export Import (Bank Exim) (1968) / Bank Exim bersama Bank Dagang Negara / Bank Bumi Daya / Bank Pembangunan Indonesia / Bank Mandiri (1999)	1917[105]	Ir. J. de Bruyn, Ir. A.P. Smiths dan C. Van de Linde[105]	6°08′17″S 106°48′47″E
Museum Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani	residence of Ahmad Yani / residence	1930[106]		6°12′16″S 106°50′11″E
Museum Taman Prasasti	Europese Kerkhof			6°10′20″S 106°49′08″E
Museum Wayang	Museum of Old Batavia (1939) / Geo Wehry & Co Warehouse	1912[2]		6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te 22 Noordwijk (Demolished in 1984, replaced with Kantor Departemen Keuangan RI bagian KPPN (Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara)[44]	Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te 22 Noordwijk / "Factorij"[44]	1910	Eduard Cuypers	6°10′01″S 106°49′39″E
Office (abandoned)	G.J. Kolff & Co Bookstore[107]			6°08′03″S 106°48′43″E
Office building at Jl. Taman Fatahillah no. 2	Gebouw West Java (WEVA)	1920	Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit	Jl. Taman Fatahillah No. 2 Kel. Penjaringan, Kec. Taman Sari Jakarta Barat
Pasar Gambir Market Structures/Pavilions (demolished)	Pasar Gambir Market Structures/Pavilions			6°10′44″S 106°49′33″E
Pelayaran Bahtera Adhiguna	The Ships Agency Ltd Office	19th century[108]		6°08′08″S 106°48′44″E
Perpustakaan Nasional Jakarta or "National Library" (March 11, 1989)[109]	Koning Willem III School (original)
Pertamina headquarter (1957), front section is rented to Bank Mandiri.[110]	Batavia Petroleum Maatschappij (original)[110] / Japanese Military Headquarter[110] / General Staff of the Army (before 1950)[110]	1937[110]		Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No.1 or Jalan Perwira No.2
Rathkamp and Co. Pharmacy (demolished after 1948)	Rathkamp and Co. Pharmacy			6°10′08″S 106°49′16″E
Rumah Sakit PELNI, "PELNI Hospital"	KPM Hospital[111]	1914–1915, 1920 (extension)	Frans Ghijsels	6°11′35″S 106°48′13″E
Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital	Medicinal warehouse for the Ministry of Health of the Dutch Colonial Government / Teaching Hospital (1919) / Het Centrale Burgerlijke Hospitaal (CBZ) or "Central Civil Hospital of Batavia" / Ika Dai Gakku Byoin (1942–1945)[112]	1919–1926 [112]		6°11′50″S 106°50′51″E
Samudera Indonesia Commercial Fleet Division (Breakbulk & NVOCC) office building[113]	Maintz & Co Office[113]	1920s[113]	F.J.L. Ghijsels[113]	6°07′59″S 106°48′38″E
Singer Building[114]	Singer Building	1930	F.W. Brinkman	6°10′05″S 106°49′15″E
SMA 7 or "State Primary School No. 1"[23]	Carpentier Alting Stichting School[nb 12] / Sekolah Menengah Atas 7 or "Senior High School no. 7"[115]	1902[23]		Koningsplein Oost 14 (now Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur)[23]
SMK Santa Maria	Koningin Emma School[59]	20th century[59]
St. Aloysius Broederschool (demolished, on its site stands carpark of Pertamina Headquarter)	St. Aloysius Broederschool[116]			6°10′24″S 106°49′51″E
Stasiun Jatinegara	Station Meester Cornelis	1910[117]	S. Snuyff[117]	6°12′55″S 106°52′13″E
Stasiun Gambir 2nd form (post-independence)	Station Weltevreden (1884) / Station Batavia Koningsplein (1937)[118]	1927[118]		6°10′36″S 106°49′50″E
Stasiun Kota	Station BEOS	1926	Frans Ghijsels	6°08′16″S 106°48′52″E
Stasiun Manggarai, "Manggarai Station"	Station Manggarai	1910s		6°12′36″S 106°51′01″E
Stasiun Pasar Senen, "Pasar Senen Station"	Station Pasar Senen	1916, March 19, 1925 (inauguration)[119]	J. Van Gendt, for Staats Spoorwegen (SS)[119]	6°10′27″S 106°50′40″E
Stasiun Tanjung Priok, "Tanjung Priok Station"	State Railway Company's Railway Station	1914	C.W. Koch	6°06′38″S 106°52′53″E
Station Batavia Koninsplein 1st form (renovated into current form in 1927)[118]	Station Weltevreden (1884)	1884[118]		6°10′36″S 106°49′50″E
Station Batavia Zuid (demolished)	Station Batavia Zuid
Station Tandjong Priok (demolished in 1917)	Station Tandjong Priok	1885[120]		6°06′40″S 106°52′51″E
Taman Kehormatan Belanda Menteng Pulo or "Menteng Pulo Netherlands Field of Honour"[121][122]	Ereveld Menteng Poelo	1947;[121] Simultaankerk, columbarium in 1950[122]	H. van Oerle from Royal Netherlands Engineers[121]	6°13′22″S 106°50′23″E
Tjipta Niaga	Zee en Brand Assurantie[123] / Gebouw van de Internationale Credit en Handelsvereeniging Rotterdam[124]	25 May 1912[123][124]	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit[123]	6°08′04″S 106°48′43″E
Topografisch Bureau (abandoned and destroyed)[125]	Topografisch Bureau	1868, 1907 (older building demolished and replaced)[125]
Telefoonkantoor aan het Koningsplein or "Telephone office at the Koningsplein" (demolished)	Telefoonkantoor aan het Koningsplein			6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E
Eigen Hulp aan de Molenvliet West (replaced with Postspaarbank office in 1920)[72]	Eigen Hulp aan de Molenvliet West	1897[72]		6°10′02″S 106°49′13″E
Toshiba Office	John Peet & Co Office	around 1920[126]	Ir. FJL Ghijsels [126]	6°08′00″S 106°48′38″E
Unie Gebouw (demolished)	Unie Gebouw			6°09′47″S 106°49′14″E
Vereniging Toeristenverkeer – Official Tourist Bureau (demolished)	Vereniging Toeristenverkeer te Rijswijk – Official Tourist Bureau	1910[127]		6°10′04″S 106°49′22″E
Warehouse (abandoned, deteriorating)	Dasaad Musin Concern / Residence of the Director of NV. Pabrik Tenoen Kantjil Mas, Bangil, Djawa Timoer	1920		6°08′02″S 106°48′46″E
Wilhelmina Park Atjeh Monument (demolished in 1950s, on its site stand the Istiqlal Mosque)	Wilhelmina Park Atjeh Monument	1880-1882[128]	Bart van Hove, Pierre Cuypers[129]	6°10′06″S 106°49′51″E
Wilhelmina Exposition Pavilion (demolished)	Wilhelmina Exposition Pavilion, Wilhelminapaviljoen	before 1880	unknown	6°10′12″S 106°50′13″E
Zoological and Plant Society Main Building (demolished)	Zoological and Plant Society Main Building

Notes and references

Notes

1. ^ The location of the Vierkant point was earlier the location of the English lodge / Shabandar point which exist prior the establishment of Batavia.^[4]
2. ^ The house was bought by Van der Parra in 1767.^[18]
3. ^ The Old Church of Holland was demolished to make way for the organ that was too large for the church.^[23]
4. ^ Earlier it was the location of the Zeeland defence point to the west of Batavia.^[4]
5. ^ According to a plaque in front of Toko Merah.
6. ^ so called because it was the tallest building in Grogol during the colonial area.^[27]
7. ^ Material for the building was collected from Kasteel Batavia, dismantled in 1809.^[32]
8. ^ The material for the construction of the building were taken from the 17th century Spinhuis in Jakarta Old Town.^[34]
9. ^ established by A. Chaulan and J.J. Didero.^[40]
10. ^ The construction of the building used the former bricks of the wall of Old Batavia.^[10]
11. ^ Firma TIEDEMAN & VAN KERCHEM / – NV. Assurantie Maatschappij "De Nederlanden van 1845". FATUM. LABOR. / NEDERLANDSCH-INDISHE, Zee-en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / TWEEDE NEDERLANDSCH-INDISHE, Zee-en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / KOLONIALE, Zee-en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / TWEEDE KOLONIALE, Zee-en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / Zee-en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij "De Oosterling" / NV. Cult. Mij. Bodjong Datar / NV. Landb.Mij. Dajeuh Manggoeng / NV. Cult.Mij. Gandasoli / NV. The Indo Java, Rubber Planting & Trading Cy. / NV. Cult.Mij. Juliana / NV. Landb.Mij. Kertamanah / NV. Lebak Palantations Cy.Ltd. / NV. Marywattie Tea Cy./ NV. Landb. Mij. Radjamandala / NV. Cult.Mij. Takokak / NV. Cult.Mij. Tandjong Oost / NV. Landb.Mij. Tjiletab / NV. Bombay Java Trading Cy^[77]
12. ^ The school was founded in 1902 by Dutch Protestant pastor and prominent Freemason Albertus Samuel Carpentier Alting(1837–1915). CAS developed into a lyceum (primary school); MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs), junior highschool; and HBS (Hogere Burger School), senior highschool. After independence in 1945, the CAS remained operational to serve Djakarta's large remaining white settler community, although the Indonesian government forced the school to admit students from all races. All the Dutch students and teachers of CAS was expelled by Indonesian government by 1961, on which year the school was abolished and its premises turned into SDN 01 (State Primary School No. 1).^[23]

References

1. ^ Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 108. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Teeuwen, Dirk (2011). [Rendez-vous-Batavia.nl Batavia’s Wilhelmina Park – Jakarta’s Mosque Istiqlal].
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am} G.B. Hooyer and J.W. Yzerman (1919). "[Map of the Castle and the City Batavia in year 1667]" (in Dutch). Kaart van het Kasteel en de Stad Batavia in het Jaar 1667 (Map). 50 rhijnlandsche roeden. Cartography by J.J. Bollee (Den Haag ed.).
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo (1977). Pemekaran Kota (The Growth of Jakarta). Jakarta: Djambatan.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Die Rhede von Batavia, 1655 Batavia Map. Homann Heirs Nuremberg Publication
7. ^ Pradaningrum Mijarto (December 1, 2009). "Mengenal Obyek Wisata Pesisir Jakarta Utara" (in Indonesian). Wisata Kota Toea. Kompas, Warta Kota. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
8. ^ A. Algra and H. Algra (1978). Twintig eeuwen historie van de Nederlanden. Deel 4.. Franeker: T. Wever. p. 31. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
9. ^ ^{a b} "Angke, Fort" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
10. ^ ^{a b c} Het beroemde Hotel Des Indes in Batavia heette ooit Hotel Rotterdam, maar dankzij Multatuli...
11. ^ "1001 Warna Teluk Jakarta" (in Indonesian). National Geographic Traveller Indonesia. National Geographic Traveller Indonesia. October 26, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
12. ^ Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
13. ^ "Candra Naya". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Candranaya, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
15. ^ Windoro Adi (2010) (in Indonesian). Batavia 1740: menyisir jejak Betawi. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 226. ISBN 979-22-5451-X. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
16. ^ ^{a b c} Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Pic's of VOC forts in Ambon. Asiafinest.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
17. ^ ^{a b} "Weltevreden" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
18. ^ afbeelding: Gezicht op landhuis Weltevreden te Batavia. Atlasofmutualheritage.nl. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
20. ^ ^{a b c d e} Jembatan Gantung Kota Intan
21. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
22. ^ ^{a b} Tjandrasasmita, Uka (2009) (in Indonesian). Arkeologi Islam Nusantara. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. p. 156. ISBN 979-9102-12-X, 9789799102126. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
23. ^ ^{a b c d e} Antique photos from colonial times – Asia Finest Discussion Forum. Asiafinest.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
24. ^ File: Design for a water fort on Batavia. Atlasofmutualheritage.nl. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
25. ^ "Water Kasteel" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
26. ^ ^{a b c} Gedung BP7
27. ^ ^{a b c} "Rumah Tinggi Palmerah" (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
28. ^ "Rumah Tinggi Palmerah" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
29. ^ "Balai Kota, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
30. ^ ^{a b} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
31. ^ "Marine, Hotel". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
32. ^ ^{a b c d} Gedung Departemen Keuangan
33. ^ ^{a b c d} Dewan Kerajinan Nasional
34. ^ ^{a b} "Schouwburg" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
35. ^ ^{a b} Republika Online – Gedung Lahirnya Pancasila, UUD 1945, dan Piagam Jakarta. Republika.co.id:8080 (2010-02-13). Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
36. ^ ^{a b c d} Gedung Pancasila
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38. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Der Nederlanden, Hotel". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
39. ^ ^{a b c d} Rumah Raffles, Hotel der Nederlanden Hingga Bina Graha – Arkeologi Indonesia. Arkeologi.web.id (2009-12-26). Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
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42. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno – Kawasan Rijswijk – Noordwijk, Batavia 1900–2008. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com (2008-01-22). Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
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44. ^ ^{a b c d} Priambodo Prayitno. "Djawa Tempo Doeloe". Retrieved April 2, 2011.
45. ^ ^{a b} "Coen, Monumen" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
46. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
47. ^ ^{a b} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
48. ^ "Hoogerechshaf, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
49. ^ Wisata Kota Tua – Mengenal.obyek.wisata.pesisir.jakarta.utara. .kompas.com (2008-12-16). Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
50. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
51. ^ ^{a b} Masjid Jami Kebon Jeruk
52. ^ "Concordia, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
53. ^ "Nasional, Museum" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
54. ^ "Sasmita Loka A. Yani, Museum" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
55. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
56. ^ Apotik Kimia Farma
57. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
58. ^ "Rumah Sakit Cikini (Cikini Hospital)". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
59. ^ ^{a b c d} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
60. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
61. ^ ^{a b} Élan Kooy, Michelle (2008). RELATIONS OF POWER, NETWORKS OF WATER: GOVERNING URBAN WATERS, SPACES, AND POPULATIONS IN (POST)COLONIAL JAKARTA. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia. p. 46.
62. ^ Y-6 (19 March 2011). "12 Gedung Tua di Kawasan Kota Tua Rawan Ambruk" (in Indonesian). Suara Pembaruan. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
63. ^ page=1&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&qual=high&fname=/jiunkpe/s1/eman/1998/jiunkpe-ns-s1-1998-31492085-12593-asuransi_jiwasraya-chapter3.pdf BAB III Petra Christian University Library. Digilib.petra.ac.id. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
64. ^ ^{a b} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
65. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/news/2010/01/Asuransi-Wahana-Tata Jakarta.go.id - Asuransi Wahana Tata
66. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
67. ^ Bank Mandiri
68. ^ Bank Mandiri
69. ^ ^{a b c} Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
70. ^ ^{a b} Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
71. ^ ^{a b c} Google Earth – 3d Model by HMC
72. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
73. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno – Kawasan Rijswijk – Noordwijk, Batavia 1900–2008. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com (2008-01-22). Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
74. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/news/2010/01/Banteng-Building Jakarta.go.id - Banteng Building
75. ^ ^{a b} My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia: The Order of Freemasons Lodge. 2006/4/06
76. ^ Bengkel Praktek Kerja Pendidikan Teknik
77. ^ Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
78. ^ Kantor PT Banda Graha Reksa
79. ^ ^{a b c} "Menteng Bioscoop (Jakarta)" (in Indonesian). NAi. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
80. ^ Bangunan Gedung Jl Kunir no 2
81. ^ ^{a b} My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia (4): "Unendorsed" Geo Wehry & Co. Office Building. 2006/1/12
82. ^ history description from Cafe Batavia's Menu
83. ^ ^{a b} Gedung Departemen Keuangan Kantor Badan Urusan Piutang Negara
84. ^ ^{a b c d} Departemen Pertahanan dan Keamanan Hankam
85. ^ ^{a b} Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut
86. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
87. ^ "Bekas Kantor Asuransi Kini Melompong" (in Indonesian). Warta Kota. March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
88. ^ ^{a b c d} "STOVIA, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
89. ^ ^{a b} Akihary, Huib (1988). Architectuur & stedebouw in Indonesië 1870/1970. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers.
90. ^ ^{a b} Rinno Widianto (2009) (in Indonesian). Gereja-Koinonia. Depok: FIB UI. p. 19.
91. ^ Haantjes Kerk
92. ^ ^{a b c} "Nassaukerk" (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
93. ^ Yustina M Widhartantri (July 3, 2009). "Gereja St Yoseph Matraman, Saksi Sejarah Kota Militer" (in Indonesian). Wisata Kota Tua. Kompas. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
94. ^ ^{a b} My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia: Roman Catholic Church of H. Jozef. 2006/4/03
95. ^ ^{a b} "Theresia, Gereja". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
96. ^ Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
97. ^ Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Jakarta Indonesia
98. ^ Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
99. ^ ^{a b} "Kota Lama: Grand old Dutch matron". The Jakarta Post. March 13, 2005. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
100. ^ Nurul Ulfah (11 December 2009). "Melawan Virus Bersama Eijkman" (in Indonesian). DetikHealth. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
101. ^ ^{a b} Menjaga Autentisitas Eijkman. Bataviase.co.id (2010-09-05). Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
102. ^ "Antara, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
103. ^ ^{a b c d} "Michiels Monumen" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
104. ^ "Van Heutszmonument Gambir (Indonesië)" (in Dutch). NAi. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
105. ^ ^{a b} P. Nas; Martien de Vletter (2009). Masa lalu dalam masa kini: arsitektur di Indonesia. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 142. ISBN 979-22-4382-8, 9789792243826. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
106. ^ "Sumpah Pemuda, Museum" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
107. ^ Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
108. ^ Kantor PT Pelayaran Bahtera Adhiguna
109. ^ "Perpustakaan Nasional, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
110. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Pertamina". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
111. ^ "Sejarah Rumah Sakit PELNI" (in Indonesian). Rumah Sakit Pelni. 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
112. ^ ^{a b} "Centraal Burgerlijke Ziekenhuis (CBZ)" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
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115. ^ Tineke Nauta-Meertens (30 Juni 1997). "CAS historie". Stichting CAS-Reünisten. Stichting CAS-Reünisten. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
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117. ^ ^{a b} "Meester Cornelis, Stasiun" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
118. ^ ^{a b c d} "Weltevreden, Stasiun" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
119. ^ ^{a b} "Stasiun Pasar Senen" (in Indonesian). PT. KERETA API INDONESIA. 25 June 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
120. ^ "Tanjung Priok, Stasiun" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
121. ^ ^{a b c} "Menteng Pulo, Kuburan" (in Indonesian). Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
122. ^ ^{a b} Mahandisyonata (May 17, 2006). "OCCASIONAL VISIT TO EREVELD MENTENG PULO". Multiply. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
123. ^ ^{a b c} Gedung PT Tjipta Niaga
124. ^ ^{a b} Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
125. ^ ^{a b} Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
126. ^ ^{a b} Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
127. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.
128. ^ "Atjeh-monument Batavia (Jakarta, Indonesië)" (in Dutch). NAi. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
129. ^ Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-07.

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